Seismic mountain building: Landslides associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the context of a generalized model for earthquake volume balance | |
Li, G (Li, Gen)[ 1 ]; West, AJ (West, A. Joshua)[ 1 ]; Densmore, AL (Densmore, Alexander L.)[ 2 ]; Jin, ZD (Jin, Zhangdong)[ 3 ]; Parker, RN (Parker, Robert N.)[ 4 ]; Hilton, RG (Hilton, Robert G.)[ 2 ] | |
2014-04-01 | |
发表期刊 | GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS |
卷号 | 15期号:4页码:833-844 |
文章类型 | 期刊论文 |
摘要 | Here we assess earthquake volume balance and the growth of mountains in the context of a new landslide inventory for the M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in central China. Coseismic landslides were mapped from high-resolution remote imagery using an automated algorithm and manual delineation, which allow us to distinguish clustered landslides that can bias landslide volume calculations. Employing a power-law landslide area-volume relation, we find that the volume of landslide-associated mass wasting (approximate to 2.8+0.9/-0.7 km(3)) is lower than previously estimated (approximate to 5.7-15.2 km(3)) and comparable to the volume of rock uplift (approximate to 2.61.2 km(3)) during the Wenchuan earthquake. If fluvial evacuation removes landslide debris within the earthquake cycle, then the volume addition from coseismic uplift will be effectively offset by landslide erosion. If all earthquakes in the region followed this volume budget pattern, the efficient counteraction of coseismic rock uplift raises a fundamental question about how earthquakes build mountainous topography. To provide a framework for addressing this question, we explore a group of scaling relations to assess earthquake volume balance. We predict coseismic uplift volumes for thrust-fault earthquakes based on geophysical models for coseismic surface deformation and relations between fault rupture parameters and moment magnitude, M-w. By coupling this scaling relation with landslide volume-M-w scaling, we obtain an earthquake volume balance relation in terms of moment magnitude M-w, which is consistent with the revised Wenchuan landslide volumes and observations from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Incorporating the Gutenburg-Richter frequency-M-w relation, we use this volume balance to derive an analytical expression for crustal thickening from coseismic deformation based on an index of seismic intensity over a defined area. This model yields reasonable rates of crustal thickening from coseismic deformation (e.g., approximate to 0.1-0.5 km Ma(-1) in tectonically active convergent settings), and implies that moderate magnitude earthquakes (M-w approximate to 6-7) are likely responsible for most of the coseismic contribution to rock uplift because of their smaller landslide-associated volume reduction. Our first-order model does not consider a range of factors (e.g., lithology, climate conditions, epicentral depth, and tectonic setting), nor does it account for viscoelastic effects or isostatic responses to erosion, and there are important large uncertainties on the scaling relationships used to quantify coseismic deformation. Nevertheless, our study provides a conceptual framework and invites more rigorous modeling of seismic mountain building. |
DOI | 10.1002/2013GC005067 |
收录类别 | SCI |
语种 | 英语 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://ir.ieecas.cn/handle/361006/9742 |
专题 | 加速器质谱中心 |
通讯作者 | Li, G (Li, Gen)[ 1 ] |
作者单位 | 1.Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA; 2.Department ofGeography, Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Durham University, Durham, UK; 3.State Key Laboratory of Loess andQuaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China; 4.School of Earth andOcean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Li, G ,West, AJ ,Densmore, AL ,et al. Seismic mountain building: Landslides associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the context of a generalized model for earthquake volume balance[J]. GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS,2014,15(4):833-844. |
APA | Li, G ,West, AJ ,Densmore, AL ,Jin, ZD ,Parker, RN ,&Hilton, RG .(2014).Seismic mountain building: Landslides associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the context of a generalized model for earthquake volume balance.GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS,15(4),833-844. |
MLA | Li, G ,et al."Seismic mountain building: Landslides associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the context of a generalized model for earthquake volume balance".GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS 15.4(2014):833-844. |
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