Knowledge Management System Of Institute of Earth Environment, CAS
Wintertime organic and inorganic aerosols in Lanzhou, China:sources, processes, and comparison with the results during summer | |
Xu,JZ(Xu,Jianzhong)[1]; Shi,JS(Shi,Jinsen)[2]; Zhang,Q(Zhang,Qi)[3]; Ge,XL(Ge,Xinlei)[4]; Canonaco,F(Canonaco,Francesco)[5]; Prévôt,A S.H.(Prévôt,André S. H.)[5,6]; Vonwiller,M(Vonwiller,Matthias)[7]; Szidat,S(Szidat,Sönke)[7]; Ge,JM(Ge,Jinming)[2]; Ma,JM(Ma,Jianmin)[8]; An,YQ(An,Yanqing)[1]; Kang,SC(Kang,Shichang)[1]; Qin,DH(Qin,Dahe)[1] | |
2016 | |
发表期刊 | Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics |
卷号 | 16期号:2016页码:14937-14957 |
文章类型 | 期刊论文 |
摘要 | Lanzhou, which is located in a steep alpine valley in western China, is one of the most polluted cities in China during the wintertime. In this study, an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), a seven-wavelength aethalometer, and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) were deployed during 10 January to 4 February 2014 to study the mass concentrations, chemical processes, and sources of submicrometer particulate matter (PM1). The average PM1 concentration during this study was 57.3µgm−3 (ranging from 2.1 to 229.7µgm−3 for hourly averages), with organic aerosol (OA) accounting for 51.2%, followed by nitrate (16.5%), sulfate (12.5%), ammonium (10.3%), black carbon (BC, 6.4%), and chloride (3.0%). The mass concentration of PM1 during winter was more than twice the average value observed at the same site in summer 2012 (24.5µgm−3), but the mass fraction of OA was similar in the two seasons. Nitrate contributed a significantly higher fraction to the PM1 mass in winter than summer (16.5% vs. 10%), largely due to more favored partitioning to the particle phase at low air temperature. The mass fractions of both OA and nitrate increased by ∼ 5% (47 to 52 for OA and 13 to 18% for nitrate) with the increase of the total PM1 mass loading, while the average sulfate fraction decreased by 6% (17 to 11%), indicating the importance of OA and nitrate for the heavy air pollution events in Lanzhou. The size distributions of OA, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, and chloride all peaked at ∼ 500nm, with OA being slightly broader, suggesting that aerosol particles were internally mixed during winter, likely due to frequently calm and stagnant air conditions during wintertime in Lanzhou (average wind speed: 0.82ms−1). The average mass spectrum of OA showed a medium oxidation degree (average O∕C ratio of 0.28), which was lower than that during summer 2012 (O∕C = 0.33). This is consistent with weaker photochemical processing during winter. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) with the multi-linear engine (ME-2) solver identified six OA sources, i.e., a hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), a biomass burning OA (BBOA), a cooking-emitted OA (COA), a coal combustion OA (CCOA), and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors. One of the OOAs was less oxidized (LO-OOA), and the other one more oxidized (MO-OOA). LO-OOA was the most abundant OA component (22.3% of OA mass), followed by CCOA (22.0%), COA (20.2%), MO-OOA (14.9%), BBOA (10.8%), and HOA (9.8%). The mass fraction of primary OA ( = HOA+BBOA+COA+CCOA) increased during high PM pollution periods, indicating that local primary emissions were a main reason for the formation of air pollution events in Lanzhou during winter. Radiocarbon (14C) measurement was conducted on four PM2.5 filter samples from this study, which allowed for a quantitative source apportionment of organic carbon (OC). The non-fossil sources on average accounted for 55±3% of OC, which could be mainly from biomass burning and cooking activities, suggesting the importance of non-fossil sources for the PM pollution in Lanzhou. Together with the PMF results, we also found that a large fraction (66±10%) of the secondary OC was from non-fossil OC. |
DOI | 10.5194/acp-16-14937-2016 |
收录类别 | SCI |
语种 | 英语 |
资助项目 | Chinese Academy of Sciences Hundred Talents Program, the Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Scientific Research Foundation ; National Natural Science Foundation of China Science Fund for Creative Research Groups |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://ir.ieecas.cn/handle/361006/5948 |
专题 | 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室(2010~) |
作者单位 | 1.State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and EngineeringResearch Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2.Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; 3.Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 4.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School ofEnvironmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; 5.Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland; 6.State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute ofEarth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075 , China; 7.Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern,3012 Bern, Switzerland; 8.College of Earth Environmental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Xu,JZ,Shi,JS,Zhang,Q,et al. Wintertime organic and inorganic aerosols in Lanzhou, China:sources, processes, and comparison with the results during summer[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,2016,16(2016):14937-14957. |
APA | Xu,JZ.,Shi,JS.,Zhang,Q.,Ge,XL.,Canonaco,F.,...&Qin,DH.(2016).Wintertime organic and inorganic aerosols in Lanzhou, China:sources, processes, and comparison with the results during summer.Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,16(2016),14937-14957. |
MLA | Xu,JZ,et al."Wintertime organic and inorganic aerosols in Lanzhou, China:sources, processes, and comparison with the results during summer".Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics 16.2016(2016):14937-14957. |
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文件名称/大小 | 文献类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
Wintertime organic a(4283KB) | 期刊论文 | 作者接受稿 | 开放获取 | CC BY-NC-SA | 请求全文 |
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