| Parent, alkylated, oxygenated and nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from raw coal chunks and clean coal combustion: Emission factors, source pro files, and health risks | |
| Zhang, Yue1,2; Shen, Zhenxing1,2; Sun, Jian1; Zhang, Leiming3; Zhang, Bin1; Zhang, Tian1; Wang, Jinhui4; Xu, Hongmei1; Liu, Pingping1; Zhang, NingNing2; Cao, Junji2 | |
| Corresponding Author | Shen, Zhenxing(zxshen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn) |
| 2020-06-15 | |
| Source Publication | SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
 |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 |
| Volume | 721Pages:8 |
| Abstract | Residential coals are still inevitable using in developing areas in China. Clean coal briquettes, normally using alkaline substance such as lime or redmud (RM) as the additive, were helpful in pollution emission reduction even without changes of stoves. Studies of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission characteristics from RM clear coal combustion were limited. In this study, emission factors (EFs), sources profiles, and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 were investigated for raw coal chunks and clean coal (with red mud) through combustion experiments. EFs of total PAHs were found to be 160.1 +/- 100.9 mg.kg(-1) and 19.4 +/- 6.1 mg.kg(-1) for bituminous and anthracite raw coal chunks (B-C and A-C), respectively. EFs values were highest for parent PAHs (p-PAHs), followed by oxygenated PAHs (o-PAHs), alkylated PAHs (a-PAHs), and nitro PAHs (n-PAHs). EFs of p-PAHs account for 80% and 52% of total PAHs emissions for B-C and A-C, respectively, while those for o-PAHs are 22.9% and 44.9%, demonstrating residential coal combustion as a significant primary source for p-PAHs and o-PAHs. Clean coals were developed through cold-press technology with red mud (RM) as additive, and clean coals with RM contents of 10% are referred to as B-10% (bituminous) and A-10% (anthracite). Compared to raw coals chunks, EFs were reduced from 128.1, 2.5, 29.3 mg.kg(-1) and 161.8 mu g.kg(-1) to 83.5, 1.3, 16.4 mg.kg(-1) and 102.2 mu g.kg(-1) by B-10%, and from 10.1, 0.6, 8.7 mg.kg(-1) and 20.6 mu g.kg(-1) to 11.9, 0.2, 2.4 mg.kg(-1) and 15.3 mu g.kg(-1) by A-10% for p-PAHs, o- PAHs, a-PAHs and n-PAHs, respectively. Diagnostic ratios of 5-Nitroacenaphthene / Acenaphthene (0.02-0.05 for coal, 0.0002 for biomass) can be used to separate residential coal and biomass burning in source analysis. When B-C was replaced by B-10%, both noncancer (0.58 to 0.33 for male, 1.65 to 0.95 for female in hazard quotient) and cancer risks (5.68 x 10(-4) to 2.73 x 10(-4) for male, 2.63 x 10(-3) to 1.27 x 10(-3) for female) can be reduced. o-PAHs should be paid more attention because of its high cancer risks caused by 6H-Benzo(C,D)Pyrene-6-One (1.74 x 10(-5) for male, 8.07 x 10(-5) for female), which are even more than the total risks caused by n-PAHs (3.59 x 10(-7) for male, 1.66 x 10(-6) for female). Results from this study highlighted the environment and health effects of PAHs originated from residential coal combustion, and proposed an effective way by using clean coal to alleviate the associated negative impacts. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Keyword | Residential coal combustion PAHs, diagnostic ratios Noncancer risks Cancer risks |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137696 |
| WOS Keyword | PORT THERMAL-DESORPTION ; CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD ; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER ; RED MUD ; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ; CANCER-RISK ; AEROSOL SAMPLES ; GUANZHONG PLAIN ; PAH EMISSIONS ; NORTH CHINA |
| Indexed By | SCI ; SCI |
| Language | 英语 |
| Funding Project | National Key Research and Development Program of China[2017YFC0212205] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[91644219] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[21661132005] ; SKLLQG, Chinese Academy of Sciences[SKLLQG1919] |
| WOS Research Area | Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
| Funding Organization | National Key Research and Development Program of China ; Natural Science Foundation of China ; SKLLQG, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| WOS Subject | Environmental Sciences |
| WOS ID | WOS:000535720100005 |
| Publisher | ELSEVIER |
| Citation statistics | |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.ieecas.cn/handle/361006/14828 |
| Collection | 粉尘与环境研究室 |
| Corresponding Author | Shen, Zhenxing |
| Affiliation | 1.Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710049, Peoples R China 3.Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada 4.Xian Childrens Hosp, NICU, Xian 710003, Peoples R China |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Yue,Shen, Zhenxing,Sun, Jian,et al. Parent, alkylated, oxygenated and nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from raw coal chunks and clean coal combustion: Emission factors, source pro files, and health risks[J]. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,2020,721:8. |
| APA | Zhang, Yue.,Shen, Zhenxing.,Sun, Jian.,Zhang, Leiming.,Zhang, Bin.,...&Cao, Junji.(2020).Parent, alkylated, oxygenated and nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from raw coal chunks and clean coal combustion: Emission factors, source pro files, and health risks.SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,721,8. |
| MLA | Zhang, Yue,et al."Parent, alkylated, oxygenated and nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from raw coal chunks and clean coal combustion: Emission factors, source pro files, and health risks".SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 721(2020):8. |
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