Personal exposure to PM(2.5 )emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in southern West Africa: chemical characteristics and associated health risks

doi:10.5194/acp-19-6637-2019

IEECAS OpenIR > 粉尘与环境研究室

	Personal exposure to PM(2.5 )emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in southern West Africa: chemical characteristics and associated health risks
	Xu, Hongmei 1,2,3,4; Leon, Jean-Francois 2; Liousse, Cathy 2; Guinot, Benjamin 2; Yoboue, Veronique 5; Akpo, Aristide Barthelemy 6; Adon, Jacques 2; Ho, Kin Fai 7; Ho, Steven Sai Hang 8; Li, Lijuan 3; Gardrat, Eric 2; Shen, Zhenxing 1; Cao, Junji 3
通讯作者	Xu, Hongmei(xuhongmei@xjtu.edu.cn) ; Liousse, Cathy(cathy.leal-liousse@aero.obs-mip.fr)
	2019-05-20
发表期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
ISSN	1680-7316
卷号	19 期号:10 页码:6637-6657
摘要	Urbanization is an issue that is strongly emerging in southern West Africa (sWA). There is a lack of full understanding on chemical compositions and personal exposure levels to fine particulate matter (hereafter defined as PE PM2.5) and its health risks related to various anthropogenic sources in this region. In this study, PE PM2.5 was studied in dry (January) and wet (July) seasons of 2016 for the first time to characterize the contributions of a domestic fire site (DF) to the exposure of women and a waste burning site (WB) to that of students in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, and a motorcycle traffic site (MT) to that of drivers in Cotonou, Benin. The average PE PM2.5 mass concentrations were 331.7 +/- 190.7, 356.9 +/- 71.9 and 242.8 +/- 67.6 mu g m(-3) at DF, WB and MT sites for women, students and drivers, which were 2.4, 10.3 and 6.4 times the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. Elevated PE PM2.5 levels in the dry season were found at DF (358.8 +/- 100.5 mu g m(-3)), WB (494.3 +/- 15.8 mu g m(-3)) and MT (335.1 +/- 72.1 mu g m(-3)) sites, on average 15 % higher than that at DF and 55 % higher at both WB and MT sites in the wet season. The seasonal variations were attributed to emission sources, meteorological factors and personal activities. In addition, the results show that geological material (35.8 %, 46.0 % and 42.4 %) and organic matter (34.1 %, 23.3 % and 24.9 %) were the major components of PE PM2.5 at DF, WB and MT sites. It is worth noting that the contribution of heavy metals was higher at WB (1.0 %) than at DF (0.7 %) and MT (0.4 %) sites, strongly influenced by waste burning emission. This results in the highest non-cancer risks of heavy metals to students, 5.1 and 4.8 times the values for women and drivers, respectively. By conducting organic speciation, fingerprints were used to access the exposure and identify the source contributions from typical local anthropogenic sources. The women's exposure concentration to particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at DF (77.4 +/- 47.9 ng m(-3)) was 1.6 and 2.1 times, respectively, that of students at WB (49.9 +/- 30.7 ng m(-3)) and of drivers at MT (37.0 +/- 7.4 ng m(-3)). This can be associated with the higher contributions from solid fuels' burning and meat grilling activities to women, resulting in a level 5 times in exceedance of the cancer risk safety threshold (1 x 10(-6)). Phthalate esters (PAEs), commonly used as plasticizers in products, were in high levels in the student exposure PM2.5 samples (1380.4 +/- 335.2 ng m(-3)), owing to obvious waste burning activities nearby. The drivers' exposures to fossil fuel combustion markers of hopanes in PE PM(2.5 )at MT (50.9 +/- 7.9 ng m(-3)) was 3.0-3.3 times those for women at DF (17.1 +/- 6.4 ng m(-3)) and students at WB (15.6 +/- 6.1 ng m(-3)). Overall, the current study shows that wood combustion, waste burning, fugitive dust and motor vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PE PM2.5 and mainly contributed to its toxicities. The exposure to the heavy metals Pb and Mn caused high non-cancer risks to students at WB, while the severe cancer risk of PAHs was found for women at DF via inhalation. The result of this study provides original data, initial perspective of PM2.5 personal exposure and health risk assessment in the developing areas. The information encourages the governments to improve the air quality and living standards of residents in this region.
DOI	10.5194/acp-19-6637-2019
关键词[WOS]	POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS ; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER ; PHTHALATE-ESTERS PAES ; NONPOLAR ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ; PORT THERMAL-DESORPTION ; INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION ; HEAVY-METALS ; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT ; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS ; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION
收录类别	SCI ; SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	Natural Science Foundation of China[41503096] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[41877376] ; European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013)[603502] ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control[KHK1712] ; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) ; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS[SKLLQG1722]
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
项目资助者	Natural Science Foundation of China ; European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control ; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) ; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000468418700001
出版者	COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
引用统计	被引频次：24[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.ieecas.cn/handle/361006/13911
专题	粉尘与环境研究室
通讯作者	Xu, Hongmei; Liousse, Cathy
作者单位	1.Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China 2.Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Key Lab Aerosol Chem & Phys, SKLLQG, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China 4.Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Atmospher Environm & Equip, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring & P, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China 5.Univ Felix Houphouet Boigny, Lab Phys Atmosphere, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire 6.Univ Abomey Calavi, Lab Phys Rayonnement, Abomey Calavi, Benin 7.Chinese Univ Hong Kong, JC Sch Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Hong Kong, Peoples R China 8.Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Xu, Hongmei,Leon, Jean-Francois,Liousse, Cathy,et al. Personal exposure to PM(2.5 )emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in southern West Africa: chemical characteristics and associated health risks[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2019,19(10):6637-6657.
APA	Xu, Hongmei.,Leon, Jean-Francois.,Liousse, Cathy.,Guinot, Benjamin.,Yoboue, Veronique.,...&Cao, Junji.(2019).Personal exposure to PM(2.5 )emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in southern West Africa: chemical characteristics and associated health risks.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,19(10),6637-6657.
MLA	Xu, Hongmei,et al."Personal exposure to PM(2.5 )emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in southern West Africa: chemical characteristics and associated health risks".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 19.10(2019):6637-6657.